The conditions for the formation of jade are extremely special and complex. Most of them come from high-temperature melting magma that is tens of kilometers deep underground. These high-temperature slurries flow from the underground along the crack to the surface of the earth, and become a hard stone after cooling.
In the process, only certain elements slowly crystallize into hard jade or gemstones, and their formation time is very far away from us.
Hetian jade
The formation of jade can be divided into the following important periods:
1. Dolomite sedimentation stage
In the late Middle Proterozoic (about a billion years ago), in the southern margin of the Tarim ancient land, where the northern edge of the Kunlun Mountains is located, it used to be a shallow sea where there was a large amount of carbonate deposits, including magnesium. Dolomite is one of the main sources of jade.
Second, the metamorphic stage of the jade in the Dolomites
In the late Sinian period of the Proterozoic, the Tarim movement caused a strong fold and fracture activity in the whole region, which eventually formed the Tarim continent. In a wide range of regional metamorphism, dolomite metamorphism is dolomite marble. Since then, the land mass in the area has risen and become one of the earliest land areas in China that has not been covered by the original layer.
3. Dolomite exchange alteration stage
In the late Carboniferous in the late Paleozoic era more than 200 million years ago, a worldwide crustal movement took place, known as the "Hua Lixi Movement."
In the late Hualixi, in the southern margin of the Tarim continent, there were strong fault activities and magmatism in the continental margin and active zone of the ancient land mass, and the dolomite marble was invaded along the fault with medium-acid intrusive rocks.
After the dolomite marble or the linguistic body remaining at the top of the intrusion is in contact with the magma intrusion and hydrothermal fluid, the osmotic petrochemical, magnesium olivine petrification and tremolite alteration are formed, which becomes the material condition of the jade. one.
Fourth, the jade stage
When the shallow-medium-acidic veins derived from the late Hualixi intrusion invaded into the dolomite marble alteration zone, the contact and metasomatism occurred again, under appropriate geological conditions (300-350 degrees Celsius, 2.5 kilobars or less and certain Under the torsional stress), and the jade is finally formed.
The above four stages can be summarized as follows:
A. Late continental marginal sedimentary/deposited dolomite in the Middle Proterozoic (one of the sources of jade material)
B. The Tarim movement in the late Yuan Dynasty, the regional metamorphism/the dolomite metamorphism is the dolomite marble (the transformation of the jade material structure)
C. Late-stage acid intrusion activity in Hualixi, contact metasomatism/formation of dolomite marble alteration zone (formation of jade material)
D. The contact and metasomatism of the intermediate acid-derived veins derived from the late Indosinian intrusion and the formation of jade
There are three contents for the identification of jade.
The first is to identify jade, that is, the variety of jade jade material;
The second is to identify the manual treatment, that is, the color of the jade and the color or other characteristics of the jade are artificially processed;
The third is to identify counterfeit goods and even synthetic products, which will identify the counterfeiters of the real products.
Accurately solving the above problems is usually a very professional job involving many specialized instruments, such as gem microscopes, refractometers, spectroscopes, polarizers, densitometers, etc., as well as specialized inspectors.
So, is the ordinary customer at a loss?
It may not be. The difference in jade species will inevitably lead to differences in various characteristics, and the difference in characteristics will inevitably lead to differences in sensory effects.
As long as we learn to use the sensory effects of these features, even if there is no instrument to measure accurate data or identify its characteristics, at least it can be doubtful and vigilant against counterfeit and shoddy products, and protect our own interests.
Therefore, the following we introduce to you are mainly some identification methods that do not use instrument testing. If you encounter problems that cannot be solved, you should consider submitting them to the testing organization for resolution.
(1) Identification of new jade articles
Before you identify the true and false, you must first understand the real jade. If you don't know what the real jade is, you can't talk about it. Some jade varieties have not been mistaken as long as they have been seen once, because they are so special, they are different, and it is easy to impress. For example, malachite, lapis lazuli, agate, rhodochrosite, hematite, turquoise, wood and stone.
Some jade are similar to each other, it is easy to cause confusion, such as nephrite, glazed jade, white fine quartzite jade and calcite jade; such as jade A goods and B goods, C goods, dyed quartz Between rock and green devitrified glass; such as crystal and fluorite; such as beeswax topaz and topaz.
The identification of jade is not only to look at, but also to understand its physical properties, to understand its structural characteristics, and to understand its characteristics. Have a theory to guide, and then look at it, accumulate practical experience to be able to identify.
In the previous jade variety articles, we detailed the characteristics of various jade. In fact, among all the dozens of jade, there are not many jade varieties that have artificial treatments and counterfeit goods. It can be said that there are only a handful.
For example, jade varieties with counterfeit products include nephrite, jade, qingjinyan, turquoise, crystal, etc.; there are artificial jade, jade, qingjinyan, turquoise, crystal, quartzite jade, serpentine Stone jade, chalcedony, calcite jade and so on.
In addition to the above, most jade species rarely have counterfeit goods and artificial treatments, because their value and the degree of customer acceptance of it determines that it has not developed to the point of need to counterfeit and deal with.
On the contrary, some of them may have counterfeited the jade species mentioned above. For these jade species, as long as the jewelry store marks its name, what we have to do is not to identify, but to appreciate.
So here it is! We only introduce the identification of jade species that have appeared in counterfeit goods and processed products, but they will also emphasize the typical features of some jade species with typical characteristics to the big ones for identification.
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