Creating a forest city is an important way to build an ecological civilization. The Fifth Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee clearly proposed to support the construction of forest cities. The “13th Five-Year Plan†proposes to protect and cultivate the forest ecosystem. Accelerate the construction of urban and rural ecological infrastructure such as urban and rural greenways and country parks, develop forest cities, and build forest towns.
At present, all localities are actively improving the urban greening rate. However, there is an extreme shortage of urban afforestation land. How can we reforest and increase green? Recently, the "Economic Daily" reporter conducted on-the-spot investigations and interviews on the land use of urban forest construction in several cities.
There is a forest on the roof, what is the experience?
This summer, it was particularly hot. However, Jia Yi, a 29-year-old resident of Donghua Community, Lianhu District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province, was very comfortable. "At noon, go to the top of the tree to enjoy the coolness of the trees, and lean on the bench to feel a little hot."
As we all know, the roof of the building under the scorching sun is the hottest place in summer. How can Jia Yi go to the top of the building to escape the heat? It turned out that Jia Yi said that the roof of the building was covered with mud, planted with flowers and trees, and green.
At noon on August 12, the sun was hot, and the reporter came to the place where Jia Yi often went to cool off the summer – the top of the shopping mall in Xi’an Datang West. As soon as I got out of the elevator, I saw Ziwei bloom, and I was full of greenery. Although the green area of ​​this piece of land is not large, it has a majestic name - Datang West City Sky Garden.
The gardener who is watering the green space said that 5,000 square meters of turf was planted here and 900 trees were planted. The tree species include Lagerstroemia, Magnolia, Guolan, Hongfeng, Baipisong, Hongye Li, Walnut, Osmanthus, and Ginkgo. When you notice the combination of seasons, varieties and colors, you can ensure that the four seasons are green and the flowers are blooming.
“The roof garden landscape sculpture and landscape sketches are all based on the historical stories of the Tang Dynasty, and they blend with the overall architectural style of the scenic spot.†Li Zhonghang, executive director of Datang Xicheng Cultural Industry Investment Group Co., Ltd. said. In the garden, landscape roads are also laid with anti-corrosion wood and stone floor tiles, and rest seats are placed, which are free to open to the public. The green area of ​​the entire "sky garden" is 15,000 square meters, and the greening rate of the roof is 50%, costing more than 12 million yuan.
Datang West City Sky Garden is a successful example of Xi'an City's comprehensive promotion of urban three-dimensional greening. Xi'an currently has a resident population of 8.7 million, and there are many high-rise buildings in the city. Urban afforestation land is scarce. For Xi'an, the problem is particularly prominent. Ren Xinchang, director of Xi'an Chuangsen Office and deputy director of the Agricultural Forestry Commission, told reporters that there is no open space in the urban area of ​​Xi'an for afforestation. In order to further improve urban green coverage and expand urban green space, everyone brainstormed and came up with three-dimensional greening. Method. The so-called three-dimensional greening is the greening method of making full use of the roof, balcony or wall to plant vegetation or climbing plants. To this end, Xi'an City has issued a three-dimensional greening implementation opinion.
For buildings affiliated to public institutions, Xi'an City stipulates that under the premise of meeting the building codes and meeting the requirements of building safety, non-slope roof buildings with less than 12 floors and heights less than 10 meters, if the new construction, renovation and completion time are not exceeded For 20 years, the top slope is less than 15 degrees, and roof greening should be implemented. Vertical building greening is also recommended for building walls that conform to building codes, suitable for vertical greening, subway ventilation facilities, road guardrails, overpasses and viaducts.
Roof greening seems to be simple, but it is not easy to implement. The material to be laid on the light roof is several layers, from the bottom to the top: the root-resistant waterproof layer, the drainage layer, the isolation filter layer, the substrate layer, and the planting layer. The root-resistant puncture waterproof layer can be made of three different materials: rigid waterproof layer, flexible waterproof layer or waterproof layer. Generally, it should be paved two or three times. The isolating filter layer generally uses a polyester fiber nonwoven fabric which is both permeable to water and soil to prevent soil loss. The planting layer is soil and cannot be thinner than 15 cm. Roof greening plants require plants that are easy to plant, pruned, resistant to extensive management, slow-growing, wind-resistant, cold-resistant, high-temperature resistant, stain-resistant, and capable of absorbing pollutants.
Is it safe to plant trees on the roof? Hao Shengwang, deputy head of Lianhu District, said that safety is no problem. If the building surface load is small, turf-type roof greening, planting ground cover plants or vines, and supporting drip irrigation or simple sprinkler irrigation facilities; moderately loaded building surface, implementing combined roof greening, shrubs and ground cover plants In the pot, placed on the roof load-bearing place, and can set the garden road, seat; the building surface load is large, plant small trees, shrubs, ground cover plants, set garden roads, seats, pavilions, pools, small Bridges and rockeries for the public to rest and visit. "We clearly stipulate that the roof of a brick-concrete structure, especially small and medium-sized schools, shall not be used for any form of roof greening," said Ren Xinchang.
The owner of the green roof, the Xi'an municipal government specifically subsidizes. Garden-style greening subsidies 285 yuan per square meter, combined greening subsidies 220 yuan per square meter, and lawn-type greening subsidies 180 yuan per square meter. With the government's strong advocacy, the roof greening has become a common practice. Therefore, since the implementation of three-dimensional greening in Xi'an City, which had no land for afforestation, the roof green space has expanded rapidly with an annual increase of 100,000 square meters. In 2015 alone, 122,000 square meters of newly built roof green space was built in all districts of the city. Up to now, the city has implemented 475 three-dimensional greening, the roof "forest" area of ​​more than 1 million square meters, can not help but say it is a miracle.
In addition to three-dimensional greening, we must also see the needle insertion
The relevant person in charge of the State Forestry Administration told the reporter that the urban land is insufficient. In addition to the three-dimensional greening, it is also possible to fully tap the potential and see the stitches to create green spaces.
How do you see the stitches?
First, the city is along the river.
"Before it was a barren beach, there was rubbish everywhere, it was stinking, and now it is a park. It's great!" At noon on August 22, Ms. Guo Rongji, who came to walk in Wuliehe Binhehe Park, Chengde City, Hebei Province, said.
Wulie River passed through Chengde City. In 2008, Chengde City raised 50 million yuan to implement rectification and greening along the river. In the riverside, which is 6 kilometers long from north to south, the garden department planted 371 trees and 200 shrubs to create 728 square meters of turf, forming a green belt of 6 kilometers long and 25 meters wide.
The second is along the city roads.
Taking Qinhuangdao City of Hebei Province as an example, the forestry department is supporting the construction of green space in the main roads of the city, increasing the amount of green. It is planned to complete 1880 kilometers of afforestation and greening area by 2018, green area of ​​150,000 mu, and road greening rate of over 90%. Zhengzhou City, Henan Province, designed the overall layout of “two axes†and “three circlesâ€. "Two axes", that is, along the 107 national highway running through the north and south of Zhengzhou and the 310 national highway across Zhengzhou, the two main axes of forest ecological landscape are built; the "three circles", that is, the urban area as the core, along the third ring, The three ring roads around the Fourth Ring Road and the Ring Expressway will create a three-layer forest ecological protection circle.
Seeing the stitching and greening in the city of Baoji, Shaanxi Province, was also performed to the fullest. In the past few years, Baoji City has built 298 landscape forest belts along the street and 48 tree-lined parking lots along the roads through the greening of trunk roads and urban rivers, and added 1.5 million square meters of green space along the rivers of Weihe River and Yinxiang River. The water surface is 850,000 square meters. “With the help of the needles and greens, the newly added green space in Baoji City is 7.309 million square meters, and the green area is 34.61 million square meters. The forest city landscape and the garden-like ecological pattern that pushes the windows and sees the green are more distinct.†Baoji Forestry Bureau Deputy Director Yang Penghui said.
It’s not as simple as planting trees to make green.
For example, in Chengde City, in order to give full play to the ecological utility of Binhe Park, the garden department divides the strip park into scenic spots with diverse landscapes, rich tastes and harmonious styles and various functions. Wetland parks include wetland plant areas, perennial flower plant areas, sparse forest areas, youth activity areas, and fishing areas; Sihai Park has quiet rest areas, autumn real viewing areas, colorful leaf vegetation viewing areas, children's activity areas, and garden management areas. The beach park has a dry plant area, a beach scenery area, and a children's play area. Today, Wulie River Riverside Park has become a green cultural and ecological corridor in Chengde City and a public leisure space popular with the public.
For example, Qinhan Avenue in Linyi District of Xi'an, with a central car with a bandwidth of 25 meters, creates micro-topography and is mainly planted in nature. The local rules plant a tree array with high ornamental value, such as the golden raft, the willow, the eucalyptus, the horse chestnut, the cedar, the ginkgo and other tall trees with the undulating changes of the micro-topography, forming a beautiful skyline on the façade. The 25-meter-separated plant is divided into four layers from high to low, which are large-sized arbor layers, small-sized semi-waist layers, small shrub undergrowth, and turf stratified layers. The roadside compartment has a bandwidth of 5 meters and the sidewalk green is 2 meters wide. It is a regular planting. The upper wood layer is planted with 30 cm of breast diameter and the lower layer is planted with pruning shrubs and extensively managed flowering shrubs. The car is equipped with a transparent design in the range of 20 to 30 meters, mainly shrub ball and grass flower, in order to ensure driving safety. "The country only needs a little sunshine and moisture to survive, and it will be alive and well. Based on the big country, it means that the people of the ancient city are persevering and hard-working," said Zou Lin, deputy head of Linyi District.
The city has no land? Then go to the city to borrow green
If there is no land in the city, go to the city to borrow. Abandoned mine pits and poor agricultural land can add green to the city.
Walking on the Sibao Mountain in Zibo City, Shandong Province, it is full of green. It's hard to imagine that a few years ago, it was still a rocky nest. There are 9 large and small hills in Sibao Mountain. It was originally a cement production base in Shandong Province. After more than half a century of mining, it became devastated. After the mining site and cement plant were shut down and relocated, the local ecological restoration project of the damaged mountain was fully launched. The forestry workers moved to the land, drip irrigation network, afforestation of 17,000 mu, and the survival rate and preservation rate of trees reached 98%, and the suburban forest sports park was built.
In terms of ecological restoration and greening, Beijing Pinggu District also has a lot of highlights. Due to the historical provision of sandstone for the construction of Beijing urban area, there are a large number of abandoned quarry pits, sand mining pits and many landfills in Pinggu District. However, to transform them into urban forests, it takes a bit of hard work. These areas have steep slopes, poor site conditions and difficult construction. After repeated research, the Pinggu District Landscaping Bureau decided to take measures such as cutting slopes, pulling slopes, deep-buried garbage, backfilling, crushing, and local hardening. In order to ensure the survival of seedlings into forests, large-scale promotion of new technology and new materials such as tree planting bags, rooting powder, water retention agent, organic fertilizer and nutrient soil. Today, these abandoned quarry pits, sand pits, and landfills have become suburban forest parks.
The transfer of poor rural land in the suburbs to plant trees and forests is a greening method that many cities are actively exploring. However, the transfer of agricultural land for afforestation also faces some new problems. “Since the plain afforestation in 2012, the annual subsidy of 1000 yuan per mu of municipal land has not increased. Pinggu District has increased by 50 yuan per year on the basis of 1,000 yuan in view of the low subsidy standard, but the subsidy standard is other than the other project land. It is still low. As a result, land transfer and demolition are often blocked and construction is difficult,†said Zhang Zhenjiang, director of the Pinggu District Landscaping Bureau of Beijing.
To solve the problem of afforestation in rural areas, we must finally find ways to increase the economic benefits for farmers.
“We have more than 4,000 mu of land in the village. In 2014, we transferred 730 mu of ecological forests. This year we transferred 2,700 mu of green forests. The rest will be transferred to the next year.†Party branch of Muyizhai Village, Xigang Town, Qinhuangdao City Secretary Zhang Yunshan said to reporters with a smile. Muyizhai Village is located between the central area of ​​Qinhuangdao and the Qinhuangdao Economic and Technological Development Zone. There are 1,120 households with 2,930 people in the village. Why are farmers here willing to transfer the land to plant trees?
It turned out that under the guidance of the government departments, all the villagers in the village of Muyizhai were transferred to the village committee as a whole. The village committee pays the transfer fee according to the standard of 500 yuan per mu per year. Then, the village collective unified planning of the whole village land, according to the model of breeding and generation, as the compulsory tree planting base of the citizens. Since 2014, 2,600 mu of afforestation has been completed, and 175,000 trees of various types of landscape trees such as Populus tomentosa, cherry blossom, Wujiaofeng, Fatong, white wax and scutellaria have been planted. In view of the fact that seedlings need to be forested for several years, the Muyizhai Village Committee introduces social enterprises and interplants oil peony in the whole village woodland. In the village, the company is responsible for all costs, and the income is divided into two quarters. The village collective will then distribute the 20% dividend to the villagers according to the shares. The villagers planted peony at the door of the house. The wages earned every day were not lower than those who went out to work. In addition to the turnover fee, there was a considerable dividend every year, which was many times stronger than growing food at home.
Zhang Ximin, director of the Qinhuangdao Forestry Bureau, told the reporter that Qinhuangdao City played a role in the use of financial funds to attract social funds to afforestation, so that enterprises and farmers can achieve a win-win situation in the city's greening. In the past two years, although the city's financial investment has only 230 million yuan, it has driven the social investment of 690 million yuan, completed afforestation and greening area of ​​500,000 mu, and volunteered to plant 13 million trees, adding a heavy touch to the urban forest construction.
The State Forestry Administration has done statistics on 78 cities that are creating national forest cities in 2014, and found that the total investment in ecological construction of these 78 cities is nearly 70 billion yuan, of which more than half of the funds come from society. "To create a national forest city, we must pay attention to government leadership, but also emphasize the construction and sharing of the whole people, in order to effectively mobilize social forces to participate in ecological construction," said Zhang Jianlong, director of the State Forestry Administration.
The creation of a national forest city is an innovative practice that draws on the experience of developed countries, adapts to China's national conditions and development stages, and promotes urban and rural ecological construction in China. As long as we work hard, we will be able to achieve the beautiful goal of “letting the forest into the city and let the city embrace the forestâ€!
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