This article was first published on the WeChat public account: Poker Investors. The content of the article belongs to the author's personal opinion and does not represent the position of Hexun.com. Investors should act accordingly, at their own risk.
In the past 100 years, "Flour King", "cotton yarn king", "red capitalist" and "China's Rockefeller", this ace title has been around the Rong family, and they are leading the way in the mall. In the 1950s, Mao Zedong commented: "Rongjia is the first household of Chinese national capitalists. China is truly a consortium in the world, and only one of them." In a hundred years, in a specific historical environment, Rong The family has experienced many dramatic changes that are unimaginable. It has been turbulent and tumultuous, but in the end it can be saved.
|
Born in poverty, he started to be an apprentice
The Rong brothers were born in poverty. During the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom Movement, Wuxi suffered wars. The three brothers of his father Rong Xitai and the four cousins ​​of the two uncles were unfortunately arrested or killed. Rongshi was almost extinct, and Rong Xitai was spared from being an apprentice in Shanghai Iron Shop. After that, he settled down and gave birth to four brothers and sisters, Rong Zongjing and Rong Desheng. But suffering from a poor family, when the brothers were in their teens, the father asked them to go to Guangzhou, Shanghai and other places to do apprentices to make a living.
Founded Guangsheng Qianzhuang
Later, Rong Xitai went to Zhu Zhongkai, the general manager of the Guangdong Lijin Bureau, to help him. In 1895, when Rong Xitai left the country due to illness, he had accumulated thousands of silver oceans. In 1896, he established a joint venture in Shanghai to open Guangsheng Qianzhuang, and Zong Jing and Desheng Brothers were appointed managers and accountants. Rong Xitai was diligent and pragmatic in his life. When he was dying, he married two sons. He should not speculate in business, and must adhere to a pragmatic and steady manner of doing things. The two brothers have always obeyed the father's legacy and managed to operate the bank in a safe manner. They never speculated. After a few years, they dig the first bucket of gold in their lifetime, which became the basis for the later two brothers to start their own businesses.
Entering the flour industry
When Rong Desheng went to Guangzhou, he saw the business opportunities in the flour industry. He told Rong Zongjing the idea and the brothers hit it off. In the first year of the 20th century, the Rong family business took a decisive step. The Baoxing Flour Factory was founded in Taibaodun, outside Xixi, Wuxi. It is guaranteed to flourish. This is the second modern enterprise in Wuxi history. . 17 acres of land, four French stone mills, three wheat sieves, two powder sieves, is already the home of the flour mill.
Fall into the Feng Shui lawsuit
The founding of the Rong’s brothers’ factory was not smooth. At that time, Wuxi Township’s joint name was told that the Baoxing Flour Mill “has been able to enclose the Gongtian people’s land in the boundaryâ€, and erecting a chimney on the edge of the ancient city will surely “destroy the feng shui and hurt the styleâ€, Zhixian County The order ordered the flour mill to migrate. When the news came out, it was rumored that the Rong's brothers built the flour mill and angered the homesickness. The shareholders also came to ask, and some even began to retreat. In the end, a feng shui lawsuit directly hit the governor's office of the two rivers. Fortunately, the governor Liu Kunyi was an foreign affairs faction, and the lawsuit was refuted. This led to a 10-month feng shui lawsuit storm.
Flour in the market is almost slow
After the flour is produced, the sales are very poor. The local rumors that "the mechanism flour looks white, but there is no nutrition, and it will not be digested when eaten". In addition, the Jiangnan people mainly use rice as the main food, the flour is mainly sold in the north, and the Rong brothers have always Without crossing the river, the northern market did not open at all. After one year of Baoxing’s hard support, Zhu Zhongyu, the major shareholder, saw the unprofitable business and decided to withdraw the shares. However, the two brothers decided to increase capital and raised money everywhere, and changed the name of the flour mill to Maoxin.
|
First exposure management talent
After the name change, the Rong brothers first found out the talents in marketing, specifically to open the northern market. They also moved a lot of brains in sales, such as randomly placing a piece of copper in the flour bag as a "color head", which brought unexpected surprises to consumers. This kind of promotional pattern still works after many years. In 1904, the Japanese-Russian war broke out in the northeast, and the demand for flour increased sharply. The business suddenly became better. The two brothers also attach great importance to the investment in new technologies. In 1905, they learned that the British noodle equipment was better than France, and immediately decided to purchase six inch steel mill machines, and the production capacity suddenly doubled. Soon after, they learned that the United States had developed a new flour machine with better performance, so they decided to borrow money.
Become the king of flour
From 1912 to 1917, Wuxi's Rongjia brothers opened nine factories in one breath. After eight years of operation, Maoxin Flour Factory finally gained a firm foothold. By 1910, the factory output was ten times larger than that of the initial construction. It is already one of the best in China. At this time, the two brothers were divided into two ways, the second child Rong Desheng stayed in Wuxi, and the boss Rong Zong went to Shanghai. In 1912, Rong Zongjing opened a second flour mill in Shanghai Xinzhaqiao, named Fuxin. At the shareholder meeting, he proposed that in order to expand reproduction, no dividends will be paid within three years, and all the money will be taken out to "snowball." In order to speed up the rolling speed of "snowball", Rong Zongjing, who is taking risks for adventure, has adopted various means such as new construction, renting and acquisition. On the beach, he let out the wind: "As long as someone is willing to sell the factory, I dare to buy it." In the summer of 1913, he rented the troubled Zhongxing Flour Mill (two years later, he bought it all and changed it to Fuxin 4). Factory), in the winter, in the east of Zhongxing Factory, the new Fuxin No. 2 Plant was built. In June 1914, he ate the land next to the Fuxin No. 1 Plant and built the Fuxin No. 3 Plant. In 1916, Rong Zongjing went to Hankou and built the Fuxin New Factory. In the second year, Huaxing, the old-fashioned Chinese flour mill in Shanghai, was renamed Fuxin No.6 Factory. Since then, the reputation of the Wuxi Rong brothers has slammed into the Chinese business community.
Establishing a cotton empire
Founded in 1905, Zhenxin Yarn Factory has been very profitable in 1912, with an annual profit of more than 200,000 yuan. In 1915, Rong Zongjing opened the Shenxin Yarn Factory in Zhoujiaqiao on the outskirts of Shanghai, purchased 36 sets of British-made spinning machines, and started production in the second year, which was catching up with the hunger and thirst during the European War. The price of cotton yarn in Shanghai has risen sharply, rising from more than 90 to 200 in each piece, and there has been a huge profit scene of “a cotton yarn earning an ingotâ€. In the three years after the start of construction, the output of cotton yarn increased from 3,584 to 9,811, and the output of cotton increased from 29,000 to 128,000. The profit was even more amazing, from 20,600 yuan in the year of the opening to 222,000 yuan. It has grown more than 10 times in 3 years.
|
Chinese futures "grandfather"
In 1919, Japanese merchants opened a referral office (ie, futures exchange) in Shanghai to operate flour and wheat bran futures trading. The introduction is mainly a tool used by the Japanese to control the price of raw materials and finished products, and at the same time it can also be used as a cotton trade. The Japanese control the prices of raw materials and finished products by operating futures such as flour, wheat bran and cotton, and ultimately govern Chinese businessmen.
China has always been a spot transaction and has fallen a big step behind. In this regard, Rong Zong Jing Meng sent the idea of ​​setting up a futures exchange on his own. After the outbreak of the May Fourth Movement, China set off a wave of boycotts of Japanese goods. Rong Zongjing took the opportunity to unite with other industrialists and businessmen. On March 1, 1920, with the Yufeng Factory, Ning Yuting, Shen Dachang, Gu Yuyi, etc. 18 people The Shanghai Machinery Flour Guild Trade Exchange was reorganized into the China Machinery Flour Shanghai Stock Exchange and officially opened on August 14.
This is the first futures exchange established by the Chinese in Shanghai to handle flour and bran futures trading. Soon, Rong Zongjing made a hot fight and proposed the idea of ​​building a gauze exchange at the Huashang Yarns Federation. In 1921, the gauze exchange was officially listed in Shanghai and handled cotton yarn futures trading. Since then, the dominance of flour and gauze futures prices has been regained.
Acquired the Japanese mill
Rong Zongjing also did something that made the Chinese business community look very long. In 1917, he bought 400,000 yuan to buy a yarn factory originally operated by a Japanese businessman in Shanghai and renamed it Shenxin No. 2 Factory. Since the "Red Top Merchant" Hu Xueyan's defeat in 1884, the Shanghai cotton yarn industry was first controlled by British and American businessmen, and later became a Japanese company. Nowadays, Chinese companies have the courage and ability to acquire Japanese companies, and it has become a news that people are talking about.
|
Financial "anti-Japanese"
On May 30, 1925, the "Wuyi" movement broke out, and another round of boycotts of Japanese goods broke out. Rong Zongjing saw the opportunity and staged a good show of shorting the yen. Rong Zongjing first sold a lot of yen in a few days, forcing the yen exchange rate to fall. After receiving a group of large banks from Japan to come forward to maintain the yen, the subordinates were instructed to immediately “flip more†and eat 2 million yen without any trace.
When the Japanese bank group came forward to maintain the yen's rebound, Rong Zongjing allowed his subordinates to continue to sell a large number of yen publicly, and at the same time sent people to create a paradox that various yen will fall. At one time, even Shanghai banks, banks, European and American businessmen and banks began to throw out a large number of yen. In the foreign exchange market, the yen was not as good as one day, and the exchange rate fell sharply again. At this time, Rong Zong killed a returning carbine and used all the capital to purchase the forward daily remittance (with a term of six months). In order to raise funds for this unprecedented scale of daily exchange speculation, a large number of backlog of powder and yarn were sold. I don't hesitate to throw forward stacks at a low price. After half a year, the yen exchange rate gradually rose. Rong Zongjing returned to the daily exchange at the new price, almost net profit of 4 million yen, and several major Japanese syndicates lost a lot.
Management "Enwei and use"
Rong Desheng believes that whether the factory is doing well depends mainly on the workers, whether the workers' lives are stable or not, and the level of culture directly affects production. He voluntarily promised that "Enwei and use", the implementation of strict "Working Rules" is "Wei", the implementation of the Huigong policy, the labor autonomous region is undoubtedly "en". On the strict side, for example, the regulations stipulate that employees should quit opium, quit gambling, quit drinking, quit, and quit women, once they violate the immediate dismissal.
On the other hand, in 1923, he began to implement employee welfare measures at the Shenxin No. 3 Plant. In 1926, he advocated the “labor autonomous region†and officially launched it in 1933. In terms of education, there have been no-funded children’s primary schools and workers’ morning and evening schools, and 1,600 people have participated in literacy classes. In addition, there are also a number of workers' training institutions. The Huigong policy includes the payment of living allowances. During the work hours, the workers are free to eat at the factory; the cost of clothing is covered, the uniforms are made for the workers, the bedding, and the deductions are made in installments; except for the disease, the free medical treatment is provided; the holiday is increased, and the monthly leave is 3 days per person. There are also movies and acting in the fake; there is also a paid annual leave system. As long as the staff serves for one year, they can rest for two weeks with the consent of the supervisor. After ten years of service, you can rest for three weeks and pay your salary during the break. Due to public death and death, the burial fee is 50 yuan, and the general funeral expenses are 6 yuan.
Sitting on the food and clothing, half of China
In the early 1930s, the career of the Rong family reached its peak. At that time, Shenxin Yarn Factory accounted for about 20% of the national national capital cotton yarn spindles, and the number of cloth machines accounted for 28%. The flour mills of Maoxin and Fuxin accounted for about one third of the same industry in the country, accounting for 1/ of Shanghai. 2. The total number of its subsidiaries reached 21, and it was the first private industrial group in China at that time. Rong Zongjing once said proudly to his friends: "Half of today's Chinese are wearing me and eating me." In 1933, he was 60 years old. At the Heshoutang meeting, he was very excited to say to the guests. : "The martyr's new year, the heart is full of strength, I have been 60 years old, the number of spindles has reached 600,000, I have to live to 70 or 80 years old, the number of spindles should reach 700,000, 800,000..."
Encounter crisis
In 1934, the Rong family ushered in the most bleak period: the family-owned brand Shenxin Textile ran aground. At that time, the shadow of the world economic crisis was increasingly shrouded in China. Domestic deflation and floating of people's hearts, and the increasing taxation of the Republic of China government greatly increased the burden on private enterprises. Only Shenxin Textile, a special tax was collected for more than 15 million yuan. Then, the wave of international dumping came and the dumping of cotton yarn produced by Japanese yarn mills in China caused the national textile industry to struggle in a sluggish environment. In 1934, textiles and flour were also affected by worldwide dumping. The stocks of several new mills in Shenxin were piled up in the mountains, and all the flour mills of the Rong family were also shut down.
Crazy debt expansion and huge speculation
In addition to objective reasons, Rong’s crisis has a lot to do with its long-term business strategy. Rong Zongjing boldly expanded and saw the opportunity to bite. His business philosophy is "As long as someone is willing to borrow money, I will dare to, as long as someone is willing to sell the factory, I will dare to buy", is a typical radical strategy addict. . "Buy a spindle more, like a gun." It has long been a famous saying of Rong Zongjing. In addition, since 1926, Rong Zongjing and his two sons Rong Furen and Rong Rongren began to speculate on "Yangmai" and "foreign cotton." Due to the frequent short selling on the exchange, Rong’s company suffered a huge loss of more than 10 million after the global dumping. When it was in crisis in 1934, Shenxin's assets totaled 68.98 million silver dollars, while the debt reached 63.75 million silver dollars, in a very tight state. By March 1934, none of the banks in Shanghai had been willing to lend money to Rongjia. Even the 16 money houses of Rong’s shareholdings were closed to the door. Rong Zongjing was anxious to commit suicide.
Brother differences
Rongdesheng Festival is self-satisfied, life is simple, usually a long gown, cloth shoes, an ordinary melon cap, simple meals, no smoking, no drinking, no banquet, full vegetarian in old age, to write notes with cigarette shells. Rong Zongjing believes that "the field is the performance of the company's economic strength." His car is a 1918 Lincoln black car. In 1921, he built an office building on Jiangxi Road. His brother was dissatisfied and felt that he had more people. It costs more and more, and it has been much more since then.
Rong Zongjing bought a three-storey garden house in the British. The thresholds and window porches were beautifully carved. The windows were all imported with colorful mosaic glass, which was extremely luxurious. The brothers have different personalities and there are many differences in their management style. Rongzong respects the business and advocates to be an exchange; Rong Desheng opposes the exchange and attaches importance to production costs. Rong Zong respects the ocean, likes to invite foreigners, and attaches importance to scientific knowledge; Rong Zongjing focuses on Shanghai, and the factory is concentrated in Shanghai. He believes that Shanghai is a transportation and financial center with convenient economic dispatch and no problem with electricity. Rong Desheng focuses on the mainland. He plans to buy from Nanjing, Xuzhou, Lianyungang 601018, shares, Zhengzhou. A group of land, think that the production of raw materials in this area of ​​the mainland, workers are cheaper.
Stain of life
At the beginning of December 1937, the Japanese army established the "Shanghai People's Association". Among the members were 21 well-known entrepreneurs who were stranded in Shanghai at the time, including textile king Rong Zongjing, general manager of Nanshi Hydropower Co., Ltd. Lu Bohong, and chairman of the Grain Industry Association Gu Xinyi. Wait. According to the "Daimei Evening News Morning" report, the first preparatory meeting of the "Shanghai Municipal People's Association" was held on December 24, after the meeting members sent their declarations and association regulations to the Japanese naval authorities in Shanghai, requesting understanding. ". Although Rong Zongjing said, "We must go forward and do things to reduce the suffering of the people. There is no need to be afraid. We only need to be pure in purpose, but we can't ask what the results are." But this is still regarded as a traitor, Shanghai Chamber of Commerce, the General Labor Union, etc. The groups jointly gathered and issued a statement announcing the association as an "illegal organization." A few days later, Lu Bohong was assassinated by the Kuomintang agents. In the family of Gu Xin, a grenade was thrown. After being threatened with death, Rong Zongjing was forced to publicly declare in the newspaper to withdraw from the "civil association", then avoided Hong Kong and died in 1938. Hong Kong.
Make a major contribution to the fight against Japan
After the "July 7 Incident" in 1937, the Rongjia brothers used tens of thousands of packets of flour and thousands of dandelions in the Maoxin Fourth Plant to make rations to the Third Army. After the "August 13th" incident, they donated 50,000 bags of flour and a lot of comfort products. Wuxi has organized anti-enemy support clubs. Rong Desheng first donated 10,000 bales of flour in the name of “Leonong†and later donated 20,000 bales, of which 10,000 were used to relieve refugees.
"Island" reproduces brilliance
During the period from 1939 to 1941, the Shanghai concession became an "island". Due to the special wartime environment and the population surged, the large amount of funds brought by foreign people led to a sharp rise in prices in the concession. During that period, the yarn factory in the enemy-occupied area outside the Shanghai concession was not destroyed by the enemy's artillery, but was seized by the Japanese army. The demand for gauze in the interior was extremely high. The mills that continued to work in the concession were “all in the cityâ€. During this time, Rongjia not only paid off all bank loans equivalent to 170,000 gold before the war, but also opened banks and some trading companies. In the war, only the fineness of the merchants is obviously not enough. In the concession, Rong’s enterprises borrowed the names of American and British businessmen. In July 1941, the Japanese had instructed the Wang Puppet Government to accept Shenxin’s two factories as “state-ownedâ€. However, because of the protests and negotiations between the two companies and the British and British businessmen, Rongjia was able to continue to maintain the two factories. ownership.
“Tianyuan Plan†and “Great Agricultural Planâ€
Although Rong's industry suffered heavy losses during the War of Resistance Against Japanese Aggression, Rong Desheng also had an ambitious “Tianyuan Plan†in the ancient times, including five fields of Jinmushuihuo, which wanted to expand from flour to major foods and expanded by gauze. To printing and dyeing, silk, Ma Ge, etc., the machine has expanded from sanding, ironwork to heavy industry, and can build a variety of parent machines. From primary school to university, the road is connected to Taihu Lake, and a new "Tianyuan Industrial Company" will be re-opened. "system. He said that he is not a capitalist but a careerist. In 1942, he also formulated the "Great Agricultural Plan" for the country, and advocated the promotion of the first place in Gansu, Qinghai and other western areas, including labor, agriculture, animal husbandry and education. However, due to the outbreak of the civil war, these plans eventually aborted.
Rong Desheng was kidnapped
On April 25, 1946, "Flour King" and "King Yarn King" Rong Desheng were kidnapped by a group of unidentified people and made a sensation. The kidnappers extorted $500,000 from Rongjia. At that time, Rongjia’s funds were mostly used to rehabilitate enterprises and expand new factories. It’s not easy to take out $500,000, but they are afraid that the kidnappers will tear up the tickets, so they dare not report the police. Everything is undercover. After 33 days, finally raised 500,000 US dollars, Rong Desheng was put home. However, the case was passed to the head of Chiang Kai-shek and ordered to be investigated. The case was finally detected and the ransom was recovered. However, the person in charge of the investigation asked the Rongjia to solve the crime. In order to reward the military and police authorities and related parties, Rong Desheng paid 600,000 US dollars, only the second boss Wang Xinheng took it. There is 150,000 dollars plus a small ocean building.
Rong Desheng chose to stay in the mainland
Before the founding of New China, merchants in the national industry and commerce in Shanghai and Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces began a large-scale decision on the way out. At that time, the “Top Ten Capitalists†had 9 families moving, some went abroad to the United States or went to Europe, and others went to Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek. Most of the Rong family also chose to leave, but Rong Desheng insisted on staying. He has considered this. The public welfare primary school he founded in Wuxi in the past two years, has been the seat of the Wuxi Work Committee of the Communist Party of China in the two years before the liberation of Wuxi. Rong Yiren’s family has already gone to Hong Kong in advance. For the stay of Rong Yiren, there are two kinds of arguments. One is that he decided to go forward with his father and voluntarily left. One is that he still had a lawsuit in Shanghai at that time, just in time for the liberation of Shanghai. Yang was left wrong.
Rong Yiren takes the lead in supporting public-private partnerships
In 1954, Rong Yiren took the lead in opening the curtain of Shenxin Textile and the government's public-private partnership. Many shareholders can't understand and worry that property will be confiscated. Rong Yiren said, "Socialism is the general trend. If you don't go, you have to go. As long as you accept the transformation, everyone will have food and work, and you can retain the consumer property." Thus, Rongjia developed a half-century industry and became a country. all. In the same year, Shenxin Group was established and Rong Yiren became the general manager. At that time, Vice Premier Chen Yi of the State Council called Rong Yiren a "red capitalist" and, in his capacity as the former mayor of Shanghai, helped him to deputy mayor of Shanghai. Rong Yiren became the vice president of China when he was the most brilliant.
|
Rong Zhijian and CITIC Empire
In 1978, Rong Yiren was ordered by the state to form CITIC Corporation, intending to finance internationally. Almost in the same period, Rong Zhijian gave up his research position and family in Tsinghua and went to Hong Kong alone. In 1986, Rong Zhijian officially joined Hong Kong CITIC as the general manager. At this time, Rong Zhijian has been in Hong Kong for many years. It is not the first time that he entered the business world. His capital operation seems to be to prove to the outside world that he is not just the son of Rong Yiren. Since 2002, Rong Zhijian has been on the position of China's richest man. This is inseparable from his shareholdings six years ago.
As a core figure in a large state-owned enterprise group, who can dare to make the first fortune, Rong Zhijian should be the first person. He frequently enters the public eye and publicizes his personality. As the third generation descendant of the family, Rong Zhijian is different from the diligence of Li Ka-shing and other rich people. Life is more unrestrained. The completely westernized way of doing things has changed the perception of Chinese-funded enterprises in Hong Kong, but it has attracted many arguments about “spending money like a rich manâ€. Rong Zhijian did not agree with this. In 2009, he resigned as the chairman of CITIC Pacific Group due to the huge loss of foreign exchange investment. In September 2014, the Hong Kong Securities Regulatory Commission sued CITIC Rong Zhijian for compensation for 4,500 shares of the “speculation caseâ€.
|
Rong Zongjing's descendants "decline"
Compared with the descendants of Rong Desheng, the descendants of the great brother Rong Zongjing seem to have some "falling". After the death of Rong Zongjing, his son inherited his flamboyant and luxurious life philosophy, but he did not have the ability to point his way to his career. Before 1949, Rong Zongjing’s son, Rong Hongyuan, lived an extremely luxurious life. Li Yuhou, deputy manager of Shanghai Bank, witnessed the extravagant life of Rong Hongyuan and Hong San brothers at the time. In the Ronggong Pavilion, they all gambled, danced and opened the wine cellar. Song Luxia, who studies the old houses in Shanghai, said that the US Consul General and the Japanese Consul General's official residence on Huaihai Road are the residences of Rong Hongyuan and Rong Hong. On September 4, 1948, Rong Hongyuan was arrested on charges of “private foreign exchange and hoarding†and burst into tears in the special criminal court of Tilanqiao. Although Rong Jia invited Zhang Shizhen and other three lawyers, Rong Hongyuan was still detained for 77 days, and behind-the-scenes transactions were carried out for more than 70 nights. On November 18th, the court sentenced him to six months in prison and suspended for two years. Rong Hong Yuan was so badly hurt that he came out of Hong Kong with most of his money and left the mainland. Rong Zongjing’s grandchildren are currently scattered throughout Hong Kong, Brazil, and Germany.
Furniture Leather, sofa leather, pvc leather for sofa, pu leather for sofa, leather for furniture,
Pvc Leather For Furniture,Pvc Leather For Sofa,Furniture Pu Leather,Furniture Pvc Foam Leather
Vigor Plus Co., Ltd , https://www.vigorplusx.com